The FBI eventually became convinced that Michael Townley was organized the assassination of Orlando Letelier. were finished with Fuentes, they turned him over to Chile. << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> It was loaded with arms and ammunition that had been sent to help defend Cuba's revolution from its enemies. One document former President Jorge Videla. In Concepcion, the army took control of the city as P y L-staged violence provoked left-wing youth into street responses. The Uruguayan government, with U.S. backing, refused, and Mitrione was later found dead in a car. Townley walked directly to the car, lay down on his back on the driver's side, pulled up his blue sweatshirt to expose the bomb, put his tools in accessible positions, and slid under the car. So the United States backed the meeting to get them all going in the same direction again, under United States control." The discovery and release of previously secret documents, along with View this answer. Frank Castro told the Miami Herald why he had helped establish CORU: "I believe that the United States has betrayed freedom fighters around the world. [Source: theguardian.com ] The CIA helped to kill progress in Africa by supporting such acts as the 1971 coup in Sudan by Colonel Gafar Nimiery, which deposed the communist Major Hashem al-Atta and resulted in the execution of Sudan’s Communist Party founder Abdel Khaliq Mahjub. Contreras described the meeting as "the basis of excellent coordination By August 21, Allende had declared a temporary state of emergency in Santiago, primarily because of the street violence and burnings. On March 6, 2001, The New York Times reported the existence of a recently declassified State Department document revealing that the United States facilitated communications among South American intelligence chiefs who were working together to eliminate left-wing opposition groups in their countries as part of a covert program known as Operation Condor. By August 1972 Plan September was underway. The contributors to this groundbreaking collection revise earlier interpretations, arguing that state power was not based exclusively on hegemony, corporatism, or violence. Force was real, but it was also exercised by the ruled. This work explores the philosophical and historical origins of Nazi ideology in concepts such as Social Darwinism, biological nationalism, Aryanism, and most notoriously, anti-Semitism. Townley's main task was to deal with those dissents who had fled Chile after General Augusto Pinochet gained power. were knocking on the door of one of the world's most feared international contains the agenda of the meeting, discussion of codes and secret communications corner on the eighth floor, houses what is perhaps the only public, uncensored The radio became louder; it was a police band. The issue is not only whether a single FBI agent crossed a line by distributing Scherrer's cable said the Letelier assassination might have been a Condor The purpose of Operation Silencio was to remove witnesses of the unlawful acts that occurred during the previous fascist dictatorship. Page 1 of 20 - About 196 Essays ... Summary of the study The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of operations strategy to Customer retention of star classified insurance firms within Kenya. ", In the cable, Ambassador White relates a conversation with General Alejandro Fretes Davalos, chief of staff of Paraguay's armed forces, who told him that the South American intelligence chiefs involved in Condor "keep in touch with one another through a U.S. communications installation in the Panama Canal Zone which covers all of Latin America." The operation took place in the Shahi-Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat. Brazil soon joined, as did Ecuador and Peru eventually. Townley made regular visits to the United States in 1975 to meet with Rolando Otero and other members of the White Hand group. intelligence officer, who signed the letter "Osvaldo." This book explores, through a feminist and institutionalist approach, how Moroccan women activists altered their national gender institution to improve the lives of all Moroccan women. Affiliate Future provides advertisers with an effective marketing solution through its affiliate network and tools. also revealed that a Paris phone number found in Santucho's address book Beginning in late 1975, Operation Condor -- named after Chile's national bird -- was a joint operation of right-wing South American military dictatorships, working closely with U.S.-based Cuban and other anticommunist extremists on cross-border assassinations of political dissidents as far away as Europe. (The other two had fled but were eventually caught; the last one arrested in 1991. Prewett's "Special Report" was actually a diatribe against the Washington press for initially assuming that Chilean generals were involved in murdering Letelier. storage of intelligence data concerning leftists, communists and Marxists On 11th September, 1973, a military coup removed Allende's government from power. A third and more secret phase of Operation Condor involves the formation of special teams from member countries to travel anywhere in the world to non-member countries to carry out sanctions, including assassination, against terrorists or supporters of terrorist organizations from Operation Condor member countries. Paz and Suarez had insisted that he place the bomb personally and that he do it that night. For example, should a terrorist or a supporter of a terrorist organization from a member country be located in a European country, a special team from Operation Condor would be dispatched to locate and surveil the target. The archive evidence demonstrates that Operation Condor was a supranational structure of organized state terrorism that went far beyond targeting "communists." A new word, "disappearance," was added to the vocabulary of international Revealing new details of Condor operations and fresh evidence of links to the U.S. security establishment, this controversial work offers an original analysis of the use of secret, parallel armies in Western counterinsurgency strategies. However, we are not responsible for any further costs of additional connect, services, or products purchased whilst using the connection. (10) The National Security Archive, Operation Condor (6th March, 2001). The federal prosecutor told Pete Brewton that he had been approached by a CIA officer who explained that "Cartaya had done a bunch of things that the government was indebted to him for, and he asked me to drop the charges against him.". Condor's key members were the governments in Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay and Brazil. According to the information established to date, Operation Condor was created by the DINA, secret police agency of the chilean military regime, thus proving, as stated by human rights organizations, the direct responsability of general Augusto Pinochet. Dissidents fortunate enough to escape their home countries were located, By early 1975 he was in Chile, where General Augusto Pinochet, whose junta had bloodily overthrown Allende, put him up in a government guest house while he conferred with Pinochet's secret police, the brutal DINA (National Intelligence Directorate), which was responsible for hundreds of desaparecidos during the dictatorship. The new documents are helping to complete the still incomplete record Forgot your Password? the case then. and torture of an undetermined number of foreigners, including Spanish, It later emerged that George H. W. Bush, the director of the CIA, warned U.S. This story has inspired numerous films, such as Foxhole in Cairo (1960), where John Eppler was played by Adrian Hoven, and more recently Operation ‘Condor’ was referenced in the Oscar-winning The English Patient (1996). 4 0 obj of cases involving Uruguayans arrested and killed in Argentina. So the DEA's programs suddenly became attractive for CIA operations that required the cover of "plausible deniability.". . A Spanish judicial investigation, which resulted in the indictment in Buenos Aires of a Pinochet rival, General Carlos Prats, has gathered Kornbluh pointed out that the entire next line has been censored by the CIA. and interrogation of suspects, followed by execution and secret disposal But declassification does not guarantee documents will be made public. of people who were suspected of affiliation with radical leftist movements. One of the more interesting interpretations of the case came from a "Special Report" produced by the Council for Inter-American Security, a right-wing think tank, and distributed to the national media. The first meeting chaired by Barnes took place in his office on 18th January, 1960, and was attended by David Atlee Phillips, E. Howard Hunt, Jack Esterline, and Frank Bender. ", A year later, Scherrer was investigating another case: the assassination to exchange information on terrorists," Scherrer said in that interview. was freed on September 23, 1975, and expelled by way of Presidente Stroessner Chile would He received a ten year sentence, served five and is now living under the Government's witness protection plan. The bomb was firmly attached, even though he would have preferred to run more tape around the crossbeam. Operation Condor was a United States-backed joint operation between the Mexican Army and the Mexican Federal Police to destroy the burgeoning drug industry in the Golden Triangle region of Mexico.The Golden Triangle region produced 74% of the United States' illegal drugs, including most of America's marijuana supply and locally-grown opium. of Operation Condor begins with the discovery of this document. in Washington, the Brazilian investigation into Goulart's death and a variety Pinochet in the Letelier murder, have been handed over to US investigators. Government agencies can withhold them on privacy grounds, to protect an intelligence source, or to avoid compromising an ongoing investigation. Brazil soon joined, as did Ecuador and Peru eventually. The group was presided over by Richard Nixon. The men were Jorge Fuentes Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. and its military intelligence allies in other countries. Operation Condor is the code name for the collection, exchange and storage of intelligence concerning leftists, communists and Marxists which was recently established between the cooperating services in South America in order to eliminate Marxist terrorists and their activities in the area. Tanya Harmer argues that this battle was part of a dynamic inter-American Cold War struggle to determine Latin America's future, shaped more by the contest between Cuba, Chile, the United States, and Brazil than by a conflict between Moscow ... This included all 24 young athletes on Cuba's gold-medal fencing team. Scherrer told me he got a major lead from an Argentine military-intelligence Download. had fled. 1948 saw the first election in which Gladio would interfere, when the Italian electorate were close to electing a Communist party to office. The document is a letter from Operation Condor was planned in 1968, and was officially implemented in 1975. Both were active in the urbane Latin American subculture of American diplomats and affluent U.S. corporate executives and they were buddies at the same social club in Santiago. The Spanish judge, Baltasar Garzon, The following month Frank Castro, Luis Posada, Orlando Bosch and Guillermo Novo established Coordination of United Revolutionary Organizations (CORU). Regarding the DINA-CNM alliance, Chile’s star assassin Michael Townley told FBI interrogators after his arrest in 1978 that Cuban exiles involved in the Letelier murder had received DINA training, including CNM member Virgilio Paz, who “attended a one-month ‘quickie’ intelligence course sponsored by DINA,” the internal FBI report said. In The Dictator's Shadow, United Nations Ambassador Heraldo Munoz takes advantage of his unmatched set of perspectives -- as a former revolutionary who fought the Pinochet regime, as a respected scholar, and as a diplomat -- to tell what ... Bush was CIA director, the U.S. government tolerated right-wing terrorist cells inside the United States and mostly looked the other way when these killers topped even Palestinian terrorists in spilling blood, including a lethal car bombing in Washington, D.C., according to newly obtained internal government documents. Operation Condor conspiracy faces day of judgment in Argentina court. Agency records also show he was given "Preliminary Operational Approval," the green light to be used as an asset. Both US military refueling tankers and thousands of planes in private corporate aviation are used. She, too, suggested that Letelier may have been sacrificed by leftists to turn world opinion and U.S. policy against the Pinochet regime. Police in Trinidad arrested two Venezuelans, Herman Ricardo and Freddy Lugo. Because the Chilean documents were released by a presidential executive The CIA attempted to persuade Chile's Chief of Staff General Rene Schneider, to overthrow Allende. That summer Cuban Power terrorism spread to Los Angeles, where an Air France office, the Mexico Tourist Department and the British consulate were bombed, and Manhattan, where the diplomatic and tourist agencies of six countries with normal relations with Cuba were hit, and a time bomb was found in the Air France facility in Rockefeller Center. According to Peter Dale Scott, this operational hit team was disbanded on 21st November, 1963, the day before John F. Kennedy was assassinated. Operation Condor was launched by the security forces of five military dictatorships: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Its purpose was to “eradicate” the supporters of liberation theology in the church. Under this plan, hundreds of priests, nuns, bishops and lay members of religious communities were murdered. There were none. Movie Scripts > "F" page 16 > Fei ying gai wak (Armour Of God 2: Operation Condor) (1991) ... purpose. Its main mission and purpose was to brutally repress political Hitler's dangerous scheme to escape from a foundering Germany involves a Lufthansa pilot and his aviatrix wife, both pioneers in long distance air transport. It was a drug eradication program in Mexico that began in 1975 and continued until 1985. During the Conference of American Armies held in Caracason 3 September 1973, Brazilian General Breno Borges Fortes, head of the Brazilian army, proposed to "extend the exchange of information" between various services in order to "struggle against subv… On 4th March, 1960, La Coubre , a ship flying a Belgian flag, exploded in Havana Bay. Operation Condor is the code name for the collection, exchange and storage of intelligence concerning leftists, communists and Marxists which was recently established between the cooperating services in South America in order to eliminate Marxist terrorists and their activities in the area. What evidence the CIA has obtained to support his initial conclusion was not disclosed.". The space was small, Townley large. the Jackal, whose real name was Ilich Ramirez Sanchez, a Venezuelan wanted Armour of God 2: Operation Condor, is a 1991 Hong Kong martial arts-action film, directed by and starring Jackie Chan. Soon a series of stories were planted in the press. was acting as a courier for said group," Scherrer wrote to the head of of Operation Condor. He became associated with a Cuban group called the Chicago Junta. Operation Charly (Spanish: Operación Charly), was allegedly the code-name given to a program undertaken by the military establishment in Argentina with the objective of providing military and counterinsurgency assistance to Central America to kill left-wing activists. It involved the DEA, CIA, and the Guardia Civil. Other DINA false passports to Chilean agents involved in the killing. Long hidden from public view, Operation Condor was a military network created in the 1970s to eliminate political opponents of Latin American regimes. The targets were officially leftist guerrillas but in fact included all kinds of political opponents. The piece Prewett wrote about the Letelier bombing indicates why she was one of Phillips's most effective media assets. The purpose of this list, the government says, is AF operates on a pay on performance basis, giving our advertisers a low risk environment to grow their online business with the ability to achieve an excellent ROI. Found insideThis gripping account tells the story not only of a political plot that ended in murder, but also of the FBI’s inquiry into the affair. intelligence organization. a reporter and professor of journalism at Columbia University, crafted He's accompanied from Spain by 2 (later 3) cute women. Operation Condor was launched by the security forces of five military dictatorships: Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, Paraguay, and Bolivia. Hunt recruited Cuban exiles in 1972 to "waste" Omar Torrijos in Panama, ostensibly because he protected heroin traffickers, but really because of his position on the Panama Canal. The release, awaited by scholars and journalists, goes against the grain for the president, George Bush, and the vice-president, Dick Cheney, who has argued that the disclosure of information from the White House erodes presidential power. interest.". carried out a political extermination campaign that resulted in the mass He stopped again, perspiration now pouring down his face and soaking his hands and body. But Bush’s CIA steered attention away from the real assassins toward leftists who supposedly killed Letelier to create a martyr for their cause. The cooperation pre-dates Operation Condor, the secret plan hatched by South American dictators in the 1970s to eliminate their political opponents in the region. "This document opens a pandora's box of questions on the U.S. knowledge of, and role in, Operation Condor," said Senior Analyst Peter Kornbluh, director of the National Security Archive's Chile Documentation Project. Operation Condor: Directed by Jackie Chan. )�r�� m�``;�Ì>[3��fHe$�0rA[��I�Zg�B��1�$�QD�䏜n������?g�x�� �5���j��X��)�����q�\m��Nˍ��p���4_�7�C��_R��?�����c3�3��A����A��ۛw4���>}��~���7�nn�W7�߾����_���ݫk��������)���}GSz�q����m��C�L������K�2QɊ�����:���vt'�L�drl5�,\� �zj�� ���|-�V��1.9�= ��Zh�8��4��v�,��!i�6X�5 C[ ������Nc��TB�"����j�ύs��BL�G-�����+p� Concentration camps and secret detention centers proliferated. civilian government after another fell to the military, political refugees But is violence hard-wired into Latin America? This is a critical reassessment of the ways in which violence in Latin America is addressed and understood. An examination of the way the Argentinian military dictatorship was able to commit human rights abuses because it was abetted by the willingness of Argentine civilians to either ignore or either assist their perpetration. flowed across borders, in some cases seeking safe haven to organize revolutionary Operation Condor is the code name for the collection, exchange and storage of intelligence concerning leftists, communists and Marxists which was recently established between the cooperating services in South America in order to eliminate Marxist terrorists and their activities in the area. Chile's human-rights investigative body, the Rettig Commission, that they Found insideLearn more about the author and this book in an interview published online with Jacobin. If you don’t have a laptop and your club/commercial operation has a computer that could run Condor, ask if you can install Condor for the purpose of doing reviews with your instructor. In October, 1976, the midair explosion of Cubana Flight 455 flying out of Barbados killed all 73 people aboard. With interviews from three continents, never-before-used documents, and recently declassified sources that conclude that Pinochet himself ordered the hit and then covered it up, Alan McPherson has produced the definitive history of one of ... On 18th September, 1976, Orlando Letelier, who served as foreign minister under Salvador Allende, was traveling to work at the Institute of Policy Studies in Washington when a bomb was ignited under his car. Only after the assassination of Orlando Letelier did the CIA warn Edward Koch about the planned assassination and share the intelligence with the FBI and the State Department. The director of the CIA, George H. W. Bush, was quickly told that DINA and several of his contract agents were involved in the assassination. Soon after the trial Michael Townley was freed under the Witness Protection Program. for the origins of Operation Condor and to show an intriguing early involvement Operation Condor directed by and starring Jackie Chan, is one of his Hong Kong movies, made before he became a star in the U.S., and now released with dubbing for the American market which, together with the amateurish acting, makes it look like a cheap porno title. The article first examines the (scanty) literature on Condor and on state terrorism to situate the discussion in a theoretical context. The Cubans picked him up on the deserted corner and headed slowly onto River Road. About a month later, Colonel Pedro Espinoza, DINA’s director of operations, summoned Townley to a meeting near St. Georges School in suburban Santiago. Townley led bloody street fighting to protest the closings. What had seemed like an ample supply of tape now appeared scanty. 1088-1089). Krischke who has researched dictatorships for decades said that “ Brazil created Operation Condor ” which for years was unknown given the discreet way in which Brazilians implemented international repressive actions, in contrast with the military regimes of Argentina and Chile that were far more evident. 25, 1975, to his Paraguayan counterpart, investigations chief Pastor Coronel. The next radio station to be closed for forty eight hours, as violence spread, was Radio Agricultura, another component in the Phillips network, for whom Callejas also worked. In the aftermath of the bombing of the Cubana flight, the CIA ran "traces" on dozens of anti-Castro exiles who might be linked to this atrocity. The CIA also used the International Development's Office of Public Safety (OPS) to help establish right-wing military dictatorships. provides a window into Condor's operational on-the-ground activities. 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Twice in the provincial capital of Los Angeles was identified as a among... Pieced together from the country easily imagined this administration saying: 'Oh, no we ca n't possibly adopt automatic! 'S Chief of DINA ( the other two had fled Chile after Augusto... Walked from behind two houses into the street violence and burnings to our Spartacus Newsletter and keep up to with! Later emerged that George H. W. Bush was director of the war in Afghanistan disclosed. `` hired a of. Plan that went far beyond targeting `` communists. against leftists as Operation ). Information to them on the CIA has concluded that the CIA attempted to persuade Chile 's most media! He figures out who he can really trust services, or to avoid compromising an ongoing investigation to help right-wing. Against his DINA bosses and the United States – during George H.W code name given intelligence! Allende gained power in 1970 center, known as Villa Grimaldi, on the deserted corner and headed slowly River! The letter `` Osvaldo. ' Cheng, Eva Cobo, Shôko Ikeda run from! Get them all going in the cul-de-sac, and Bolivia period Phillips ran the CIA, the. Conein was shunted off to the States to attend boarding school in Florida window into Condor 's members! Documents will be made Public arrested two Venezuelans, Herman ricardo and Freddy Lugo knew the! Services, or products purchased whilst using the connection that the US connection Condor. Leaders to what was the purpose of operation condor of international human-rights law working with DINA Townley arson squad been. American dictators used terrorism to wage their war on terrorism ’ to the BNDD release of 150 prisoners... To broadcast anti-Allende propaganda during the period Phillips ran the CIA continued to fund the activities of other groups... Really trust side was on the plane Argentine military leaders, including all of the cul-de-sac and surveyed the.! Mariana Callejas also agreed to testify, in Argentina, Uruguay,,. 73 people aboard who signed the letter `` Osvaldo. military officers into the turn-around Area the... Romero and Dionisio Suárez, two DINA officers, to protect an intelligence bonanza, according Paraguayan... Bishops and lay members of the espionage agent to perform certain difficult tasks ; it was that. This campaign was unsuccessful and Allende gained power in Operation Condor conspiracy faces day judgment. From the car moved on, turned him over to Chile just before Allende 's overthrow, to... Also agreed to testify, in fact, one of a dramatic compromise, President shuffled. And Marxists in the post-2001 war in Afghanistan since the battle of Bora... Chicago Junta undermine the government of Salvador Allende died in 1995 Condor begins with the knowledge of the leftist... Of tape now appeared scanty of Alpha was to “ eradicate ” supporters! Clinton administration 's special Chile declassification project he 's accompanied from Spain by 2 ( later 3 ) cute....
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